New Study Uncovers Phthalates’ Impact on Women’s Fertility

Research into the effects of phthalates on women’s fertility is set to advance, thanks to a $2.8 million grant awarded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health to the University of Arizona College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences. The study aims to explore the molecular and cellular impacts of these chemicals, which are prevalent in various consumer products, particularly those used by women, such as nail polish and cosmetics.

Phthalates are a group of chemical compounds commonly used to enhance the flexibility and durability of plastics, especially in items like shower curtains and food packaging. They are also found in cosmetics, deodorants, fragrances, and cleaning solutions. Despite the known health risks associated with phthalates, including their potential role as endocrine disruptors, regulations in the United States have lagged behind those in several other countries.

The concerning aspect of phthalates lies in their weak chemical bonds, which allow them to leach into the environment, affecting water, soil, and air quality. Studies indicate that these chemicals may contribute to reproductive, neurological, developmental, and immune health issues.

According to Zelieann Craig, principal investigator of the study and an associate professor, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey shows that women consistently exhibit higher levels of specific phthalates compared to men. Craig emphasizes that the exposure is not limited to makeup but reflects a broader systemic issue.

Women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable to phthalate exposure, primarily due to their higher use of personal care products that contain these chemicals. Craig notes that medications for conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Crohn’s disease, which are more prevalent in women, could also be significant sources of exposure. “The ongoing hypothesis is that women are exposed to more products that contain phthalates,” Craig explains.

In her previous research, Craig focused on Dibutyl phthalate, which showed higher exposure levels among women. The new study, however, will examine phthalate mixtures that more accurately represent real-world human exposure. Researchers aim to confirm the long-term effects of phthalate exposure on infertility and metabolic diseases. Additionally, they will investigate how these chemicals might affect fatty acids in ovarian follicles and disrupt cellular energy metabolism.

Craig stresses the importance of understanding phthalate exposure within the context of a wider range of environmental factors. While it is crucial to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals, she advises against avoiding necessary medications. “Some exposures we can’t avoid, so we make up for that by reducing other sources,” she states.

The findings from this study may have significant implications for public health, particularly concerning women’s reproductive health. As research into phthalates continues, the hope is to develop strategies to mitigate their harmful effects and improve outcomes for those at risk.

Dr. Tim Sandle, Editor-at-Large for science news at Digital Journal, has expressed interest in the ongoing research surrounding phthalates and their impact on health. As a practicing microbiologist and author, he keenly follows developments in science and health journalism.