Canada Recognizes Palestinian State Amid Controversy Over Hamas

On September 21, 2025, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney announced that Canada would officially recognize a Palestinian state, a move that has sparked significant debate given the backdrop of violence and terrorism. This decision follows a devastating attack by Hamas on Israel on October 7, 2023, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 1,200 people, including eight Canadians.

Carney’s announcement was made without a formal event, relying instead on a brief news release and a social media post. In his statement, he reiterated Canada’s longstanding support for a two-state solution, attributing the current impasse to Israeli opposition. This perspective, however, has drawn criticism for overlooking Hamas’s consistent refusal to accept the two-state framework and its ongoing military actions, which include hostage-taking and declarations of intent to expand control over the region.

In his remarks, Carney acknowledged the challenges posed by Hamas, stating, “Hamas has terrorized the people of Israel and oppressed the people of Gaza, wreaking horrific suffering. It is imperative that Hamas release all hostages, fully disarm, and play no role in the future governance of Palestine.” While he emphasized that Canada’s recognition aims to empower those advocating for peace, critics argue that the timing of this recognition equates to a reward for terrorism.

Criticism from Within Canada

Former Liberal Justice Minister Irwin Cotler, along with law professor Orde Kittrie, has publicly criticized Carney’s decision. In an op-ed published in the National Post, they contended that recognizing a Palestinian state should stem from a negotiated peace agreement rather than an act perceived as rewarding terrorism. They emphasized the importance of ensuring that such recognition does not undermine Israel’s security.

Carney has stated that the recognition of a Palestinian state will be contingent upon several factors, including the need for the Palestinian Authority to conduct elections and implement democratic reforms. Yet, Cotler and Kittrie expressed skepticism regarding the assurances received from Mahmoud Abbas, the president of the Palestinian Authority. They noted that Abbas has failed to fulfill previous commitments to abolish the controversial pay-for-slay program, which offers financial rewards to families of individuals who carry out attacks against Israelis.

The Path Forward

The ongoing violence in the region, including the current humanitarian crisis in Gaza, underscores the urgency of finding a resolution. Carney’s assertion that Canada’s recognition of a Palestinian state does not compromise its support for Israel has been met with skepticism, particularly in light of the continuing hostilities.

As Hamas maintains its hold over Gaza and continues military actions, the prospect of a peaceful resolution seems increasingly remote. The international community watches closely, questioning whether this move will ultimately foster peace or further complicate an already volatile situation.

The call for Hamas to disarm and cease hostilities remains critical. As Carney’s government navigates the complexities of this decision, the implications for both Israeli and Palestinian civilians hang in the balance, raising fundamental questions about the future of peace in the region.